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Configuring a Virtual Machine to Use the LSI Logic SCSI Adapter

 

ESX Server virtual machines can use virtual BusLogic and virtual LSI Logic SCSI adapters. By default, virtual machines use the BusLogic adapter. However, new Windows Server 2003 virtual machines are configured to use the LSI Logic adapter by default.

You can add the LSI Logic SCSI adapter to any virtual machine by modifying its configuration file. For an existing virtual machine or for a new Windows XP or Windows 2000 virtual machine, further steps are needed in the guest operating system.

Windows XP and Windows 2000 do not include a driver for the LSI Logic SCSI adapter, so these guests use the BusLogic adapter by default. However, to use the LSI Logic SCSI adapter with a Windows XP or Windows 2000 virtual machine, you must download the driver from the Download Center at the LSI Logic Web site. Go to www.lsilogic.com/support/ and look for the LSI20320 SCSI adapter driver for your guest operating system. The files are in a WinZip archive.

Note: Linux distributions with kernels in the 2.4.18 series or later include a driver that supports the LSI Logic adapter. If your guest has an older kernel and you want to use the LSI adapter instead of the BusLogic adapter, VMware recommends you upgrade the kernel packages to the latest version available for the distribution. You do not need to download the driver from LSI Logic.

 

Adding the Adapter to the Virtual Machine's Configuration File

 

For both Windows and Linux virtual machines, you need to modify the virtual machine's configuration file to use the LSI Logic SCSI adapter. For a new virtual machine, complete the following steps before you install the guest operating system.

For an existing virtual machine with which you want to use the LSI Logic adapter, shut down the guest operating system and power off the virtual machine before following these steps.

Caution: Even though SuSE Linux 8.1 includes the correct driver for LSI Logic, due to an error in a SuSE Linux process, the guest operating system must first be installed with the BusLogic driver. Once the SuSE Linux 8.1 guest operating system has been installed and boots, shut down the virtual machine and complete the steps below.

1. Connect to the service console and, using a text editor there, open the virtual machine's configuration file (.vmx).
   
2. Do one of the following:
   
   
   
   • If you are adding the LSI Logic adapter to a new virtual machine that is configured for a BusLogic adapter (which has a guest operating system other than Windows Server 2003), switch the original BusLogic adapter to the LSI Logic adapter by changing this line:
     scsi<n>.virtualDev = "vmxbuslogic"
     to
     scsi<n>.virtualDev = "vmxlsilogic"
     
   • If you are adding the LSI Logic adapter to an existing virtual machine that is configured for a BusLogic adapter, add the LSI Logic adapter with no devices after the BusLogic device. For example, if you have one SCSI adapter in the virtual machine already, the configuration file looks something like this:
     

     ###
     ### SCSI devices
     ###
     
     # SCSI controller scsi0
     
     scsi0.present = "TRUE"
     scsi0.virtualDev = "vmxbuslogic"
     
     scsi0:1.present = "TRUE"
     scsi0:1.name = "vmhba0:6:0:1:win2k.dsk"
     scsi0:1.mode = "persistent"

     
     

     To add the LSI Logic adapter, type the following lines after the BusLogic device information:
     scsi1.present = "TRUE"
     scsi1.virtualDev = "vmxlsilogic"

   
   
3. Save your changes, then close the configuration file.

With the LSI Logic SCSI adapter added to the virtual machine's configuration, now it must be recognized by the guest operating system. Windows and Linux guest operating systems differ in how you can proceed. Follow the appropriate steps below.

For new Linux virtual machines (using the appropriate kernel), you can now install the guest operating system, which will be configured for using the LSI Logic adapter automatically. No other steps are necessary. For an existing Linux virtual machine, complete the steps under Configuring the LSI Logic SCSI Adapter in a Linux Guest Operating System.

 

Configuring the LSI Logic SCSI Adapter in a Windows Guest Operating System

 

Before you begin configuring your Windows guest, download the LSI Logic driver from the LSI Logic Web site, as mentioned above.

For a new virtual machine, unzip the driver files to a floppy disk. This floppy disk is needed while installing the guest operating system.

For an existing virtual machine, unzip the driver files into a directory in the guest operating system, then shut down the guest and power off the virtual machine.

1. Power on the virtual machine.
   
2. Do one of the following:
   
   
   
   • If you are installing a new guest operating system, press F6 at the beginning of the installation to have Windows prompt for a driver disk. When you are asked to load additional drivers, insert the floppy disk containing the driver files and let Windows copy the driver files and continue the installation. Do not remove the floppy disk from the floppy drive until the installer reboots the guest.
     
   • If you are changing from the BusLogic to the LSI Logic adapter in an existing virtual machine, the guest operating system recognizes the presence of the LSI Logic adapter and the Add New Hardware wizard starts after you log in. Browse to the directory where you unzipped the driver files and let Windows copy them to the correct place.
   
   
3. After you install the LSI Logic driver, make sure the virtual machine boots completely. Check the guest operating system's Device Manager to ensure the LSI Logic adapter appears and is working.
   

   If you are installing the LSI adapter in a new guest operating system, you are finished. If you are switching from a BusLogic adapter in an existing virtual machine, continue with the remaining steps.

   
   
4. Shut down and power off the virtual machine, then edit the configuration file. Switch the original BusLogic adapter to the LSI Logic adapter by changing this line:
   scsi0.virtualDev = "vmxbuslogic"
   to
   scsi0.virtualDev = "vmxlsilogic"
   
5. Remove the LSI Logic adapter you added previously by removing these lines:
   scsi1.present = "TRUE"
   scsi1.virtualDev = "vmxlsilogic"
   
6. Save your changes to the configuration file and boot the virtual machine again. After the virtual machine boots, verify in the Device Manager that the guest is using the LSI Logic driver only.
   

   Note: Since the driver has been installed, the guest should find it automatically. Sometimes moving the virtual devices around causes the PCI slots to change, so the guest might detect some devices (like the vmxnet network driver) again. Let the operating system detect the devices and continue.

 

Configuring the LSI Logic SCSI Adapter in a Linux Guest Operating System

 

The following steps apply to existing virtual machines running Red Hat Linux 7.3 and to SuSE Linux 8.0 guest operating systems and later distributions. The kernels that come with these and later distributions include a driver that supports the LSI Logic SCSI adapter. The driver is called mptscsih and depends on another module called mptbase. Earlier kernels may have the mptscsih driver, but they do not support this adapter.

Note: For a new Linux virtual machine in which you intend to install a Red Hat Linux 7.3 or SuSE Linux 8.0 guest operating system or a later distribution, you only need to install the guest operating system. The guest is configured to use the LSI Logic adapter during installation.

To use the LSI Logic adapter in an older distribution, upgrade the virtual machine's kernel or patch the kernel with the source from the LSI Logic Web site and re-compile the kernel. Verify that the LSI Logic adapter is detected. At a command prompt in the guest, type:

modprobe mptscsih

If there are no errors, verify with lsmod that mptscsih and mptbase are both installed, then continue. Otherwise you must determine why the driver did not load.

For an existing Linux virtual machine with the modified configuration, the guest needs to boot with the LSI Logic SCSI adapter, so it tries to load that driver from the initial RAM disk (initrd) before the root partition is mounted. Try the following:

1. Edit /etc/modules.conf and set scsi_hostadapter to mptscsih.
   
2. Create a new initial RAM disk for the running kernel.
   mkinitrd --preload mptbase
   /boot/initrd-<kernelname>-lsi.img <kernelname>
   

   Where <kernelname> is the version of the guest's kernel; such as 2.4.18-3.

   
   

   The modules.conf modification you made in the previous step allows mkinitrd to provide the LSI Logic SCSI driver to the kernel when booting.

   
   
3. Edit /etc/lilo.conf or /boot/grub/grub.conf (depending on which is in use in the guest). Create a new entry that uses the existing kernel, but the new RAM disk file. Make sure you keep the original boot entry, in case you have a problem and need to boot with the BusLogic adapter. Install the boot loader (lilo, or grub-install /dev/sda) again.
   
4. Shut down and power off the virtual machine, then edit the configuration file in the management interface. Switch the original BusLogic adapter to the LSI Logic adapter by changing this line:
   scsi0.virtualDev = "vmxbuslogic"
   to
   scsi0.virtualDev = "vmxlsilogic"
   
5. Remove the LSI Logic adapter you added previously by removing these lines:
   scsi1.present = "TRUE"
   scsi1.virtualDev = "vmxlsilogic"
   
6. Save your changes to the configuration file and boot the virtual machine again. The virtual machine should boot. If it does not boot, switch the configuration back to BusLogic and boot with the original configuration, and troubleshoot the following issues:
   
   
   
   • The RAM disk may not have been created correctly; it must preload mptbase and load mptscsih as the main SCSI driver, which you specified in step 1. Verify that both of these activities occurred.
     
   • The boot loader may not have been installed or was not installed correctly, which results in the loader loading the old ram disk image. Check the boot loader configuration and install the boot loader again.
     
   • The kernel does not support the LSI Logic adapter. Check that you can manually modprobe mptscsi without errors, and that it appears in the output of lsmod. If not, upgrade the kernel and start over again.
     

     Note: You may see different results on different distributions.